Dudes Study Note

What does it mean by FINAL? (Definition below only applicable to JDK6+) 1) Address of enclosing object not allowed to escape util final variable for initialized and change made to memory done 2) JVM can execute special CPU caching instruction 3) All change in constructor to final variable, even reference will be pushed to memory

What does it mean by "volatile"? New JMM (1.5+) 1) Volatile variable reads from memory and write to memory instead of local cache Picture below shows example of a multi core system. Each CPU  has cache, which is super fast memory locally for that CPU. For optimization purpose, many information stored in cache. But in multi threaded application which shared variable used, if each CPU update and fetch info from its own cache, value of the shared variable is wrong. Example: a counter By using volatile, every time volatile variable read, it is fetched from memory. Every time volatile variable written, it is pushed from L1 to L2 to memory. 2) Instruction which use volatile variable cannot be reordered 3) Volatile variable observes what happened  For example, old value of w = 0 , x = 0 , f = true. f is a volatile variable. Now CPU1 updates x = 2 and f = false. As f is volatile, it is flushed to RAM. x is not volatile, however f observes that x changes as well, so...

Let's look at the details few details of object header and calculate the memory size an object occupies inside JVM Heap. Each Object contains following information. • The Object Header. • The memory for primitive types. 
 • The memory for reference types. 
 • Offset / alignment -  in fact, these are a few unused bytes that are placed after the data object itself. This is done in order that an address in memory was always a multiple of machine word, to speed up the memory read + reduce the number of bits for a pointer to an object. It is also worth noting that in java a size of any object is multiple of 8 bytes! •   Object Header :             In case of 32-bit system, the header size is 8 bytes, in the case of 64-bit system, respectively is 16 bytes. It contains following information. 1   Hash Code - 2   Garbage Collection Information  -  each java object contains the i...